Cite The Scarlet Letter

The Scarlet Letter

Nathaniel Hawthorne (1850) · Ticknor, Reed & Fields

A novel set in Puritan Massachusetts about Hester Prynne, who is condemned for adultery and must wear a scarlet A on her clothing.

14 citation styles including MLA, APA, Chicago, Harvard & IEEE. Copy with one click.

Popular Styles

MLA9th ed.

Full Citation

Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. Ticknor, Reed & Fields, 1850.

In-text

(Hawthorne)

APA7th ed.

Full Citation

Hawthorne, N. (1850). The Scarlet Letter. Ticknor, Reed & Fields.

In-text

(Hawthorne, 1850)

Chicago (Notes-Bib.)17th ed.

Bibliography

Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. Ticknor, Reed & Fields, 1850.

Footnote

1. Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Scarlet Letter (Ticknor, Reed & Fields, 1850).

Chicago (Author-Date)17th ed.

Full Citation

Hawthorne, Nathaniel. 1850. The Scarlet Letter. Ticknor, Reed & Fields.

In-text

(Hawthorne 1850)

Harvard

Full Citation

Hawthorne, N., 1850. The Scarlet Letter. Boston: Ticknor, Reed & Fields.

In-text

(Hawthorne, 1850)

Additional Styles

ACS

Full Citation

Hawthorne, N. The Scarlet Letter; Ticknor, Reed & Fields: Boston, 1850.

In-text

Example sentence.¹

AMA11th ed.

Full Citation

Hawthorne N. The Scarlet Letter. Ticknor, Reed & Fields; 1850.

In-text

Example sentence.¹

APSA

Full Citation

Hawthorne, Nathaniel. 1850. The Scarlet Letter. Boston: Ticknor, Reed & Fields.

In-text

(Hawthorne 1850)

ASA7th ed.

Full Citation

Hawthorne, Nathaniel. 1850. The Scarlet Letter. Boston: Ticknor, Reed & Fields.

In-text

(Hawthorne 1850)

Bluebook21st ed.

Full Citation

NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE, THE SCARLET LETTER (1850).

In-text

CSE8th ed.

Full Citation

Hawthorne N. The Scarlet Letter. Boston: Ticknor, Reed & Fields; 1850.

In-text

Example sentence.¹

IEEE

Full Citation

[1] N. Hawthorne, The Scarlet Letter. Boston: Ticknor, Reed & Fields, 1850.

In-text

[1]

Turabian9th ed.

Bibliography

Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. Boston: Ticknor, Reed & Fields, 1850.

Footnote

1. Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Scarlet Letter (Boston: Ticknor, Reed & Fields, 1850).

Vancouver

Full Citation

Hawthorne N. The Scarlet Letter. Boston: Ticknor, Reed & Fields; 1850.

In-text

(1)

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How to Use These Citations

Direct quotes and paraphrases from The Scarlet Letter require in-text citations. Here are examples for the two most common styles.

MLA - Direct Quote

As the narrator reflects, "So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past" (Hawthorne 180).

Include the author's last name and page number in parentheses after the quote.

MLA - Paraphrase

Hawthorne suggests that people are perpetually drawn back toward the past, unable to escape its pull (Hawthorne 180).

When paraphrasing, still cite the author and page. No quotation marks needed.

APA - Direct Quote

Hawthorne (1850) wrote, "So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past" (p. 180).

APA uses author-date format. Include page number with 'p.' for direct quotes.

APA - Paraphrase

Hawthorne (1850) argued that humanity is forever pulled backward by the weight of the past.

For paraphrases in APA, page numbers are encouraged but not required.

American fiction Historical fiction Puritan society

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