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Frankenstein

Mary Shelley (1818) · Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor & Jones

A Gothic novel about Victor Frankenstein, a scientist who creates a sapient creature, exploring themes of ambition, isolation, and the ethics of creation.

14 citation styles including MLA, APA, Chicago, Harvard & IEEE. Copy with one click.

Popular Styles

MLA9th ed.
Full Citation
Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein. Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor & Jones, 1818.
In-text
(Shelley)
APA7th ed.
Full Citation
Shelley, M. (1818). Frankenstein. Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor & Jones.
In-text
(Shelley, 1818)
Chicago (Notes-Bib.)17th ed.
Bibliography
Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein. Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor & Jones, 1818.
Footnote
1. Mary Shelley, Frankenstein (Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor & Jones, 1818).
Chicago (Author-Date)17th ed.
Full Citation
Shelley, Mary. 1818. Frankenstein. Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor & Jones.
In-text
(Shelley 1818)
Harvard
Full Citation
Shelley, M., 1818. Frankenstein. London: Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor & Jones.
In-text
(Shelley, 1818)

Additional Styles

ACS
Full Citation
Shelley, M. Frankenstein; Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor & Jones: London, 1818.
In-text
Example sentence.1
AMA11th ed.
Full Citation
Shelley M. Frankenstein. Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor & Jones; 1818.
In-text
Example sentence.1
APSA
Full Citation
Shelley, Mary. 1818. Frankenstein. London: Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor & Jones.
In-text
(Shelley 1818)
ASA7th ed.
Full Citation
Shelley, Mary. 1818. Frankenstein. London: Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor & Jones.
In-text
(Shelley 1818)
Bluebook21st ed.
Full Citation
MARY SHELLEY, FRANKENSTEIN (1818).
In-text
1
CSE8th ed.
Full Citation
Shelley M. Frankenstein. London: Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor & Jones; 1818.
In-text
Example sentence.1
IEEE
Full Citation
[1] M. Shelley, Frankenstein. London: Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor & Jones, 1818.
In-text
[1]
Turabian9th ed.
Bibliography
Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein. London: Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor & Jones, 1818.
Footnote
1. Mary Shelley, Frankenstein (London: Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor & Jones, 1818).
Vancouver
Full Citation
Shelley M. Frankenstein. London: Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor & Jones; 1818.
In-text
(1)
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How to Use These Citations

Direct quotes and paraphrases from Frankenstein require in-text citations. Here are examples for the two most common styles.

MLA - Direct Quote

As the narrator reflects, "So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past" (Shelley 180).

Include the author's last name and page number in parentheses after the quote.
MLA - Paraphrase

Shelley suggests that people are perpetually drawn back toward the past, unable to escape its pull (Shelley 180).

When paraphrasing, still cite the author and page. No quotation marks needed.
APA - Direct Quote

Shelley (1818) wrote, "So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past" (p. 180).

APA uses author-date format. Include page number with 'p.' for direct quotes.
APA - Paraphrase

Shelley (1818) argued that humanity is forever pulled backward by the weight of the past.

For paraphrases in APA, page numbers are encouraged but not required.
Gothic fictionScience fictionBritish literature

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